4.1.2. Interior ....................................................................... 15 4.1.3. Compressor .................................................................. 17 4.1.4. Suspension ................................................................... 20 4.1.5. Onboard Power ............................................................. 22 4.1.6. Propulsion ................................................................... 22 4.1.7. Cost ........................................................................... 23 4.2. Tube ............................................................................... 24 4.2.1. Geometry .................................................................... 25 4.2.2. Tube Construction .......................................................... 26 4.2.3. Pylons and Tunnels ......................................................... 27 4.2.4. Station Construction ....................................................... 31 4.2.5. Cost ........................................................................... 32 4.3. Propulsion ........................................................................ 32 4.3.1. Capsule Components (Rotor) ............................................. 35 4.3.2. Tube Components (Stator) ................................................ 36 4.3.3. Energy Storage Components .............................................. 37 4.3.4. Cost ........................................................................... 37 4.3.5. Propulsion for Passenger Plus Vehicle System ......................... 38 4.4. Route .............................................................................. 38 4.4.1. Route Optimization ........................................................ 40 4.4.1.1. Los Angeles/Grapevine - South ........................................ 43 4.4.1.2. Los Angeles/Grapevine – North ........................................ 45 4.4.1.2. I-5 .......................................................................... 47 4.4.1.3. I-580/San Francisco Bay................................................. 48 4.4.3. Station Locations ........................................................... 50 4.5. Safety and Reliability ........................................................... 52 4.5.1. Onboard Passenger Emergency ........................................... 52 4.5.2. Power Outage ............................................................... 53 4.5.2. Capsule Depressurization ................................................. 53 4.5.3. Capsule Stranded in Tube ................................................. 54 4.5.4. Structural Integrity of the Tube in Jeopardy ........................... 54 4.5.5. Earthquakes ................................................................. 54 4.5.6. Human Related Incidents ................................................. 54 4.5.7. Reliability.................................................................... 55 4.6. Cost ................................................................................ 55